PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (2024)

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35 years since the PEPCON disaster

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (1)

Black smoke billows from the PEPCON plant in Henderson on May 4, 1988, after a fire and explosion. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (2)

The former PEPCON site near Black Mountain, pictured on April 30, 1998. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (3)

Kendra Brown, left, and Pat Hinds who work at Unicorn Sailing Center, watch from outside their business as smoke and fire billow from the PEPCON facility in Henderson, May 4, 1988. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (4)

An aerial photo of the PEPCON site before the May 4, 1988 explosions. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (5)

An aerial photo of the PEPCON site after the May 4, 1988 explosions. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (6)

Firefighters walk amid twisted steel beams Thursday, May 5, 1988, at the PEPCON site. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (7)

Overturned vehicles are seen in the parking lot at the PEPCON site. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (8)

Authorities search on Friday, May 6, 1988 for the body of Roy Westerfield at the PEPCON site. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (9)

Rubble is strewn across a classroom at Burkholder Junior High in Henderson after the PEPCON blasts. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (10)

Clark County firefighters clean up hazardous materials scattered during the explosions in Henderson on May 10, 1988. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (11)

Gregory Raab, a senior scientist with Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co., uses a portable detection meter to look for lead contamination in the soil at the PEPCON site on May 12, 1988. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (12)

The Kidd & Co. marshmallow plant smolders in the aftermath of a series of explosions last year at the PEPCON site. (Associated Press)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (13)

Scars on the desert landscape mark what remains of the Pacific Engineering plant on April 29, 1989. In the background sits the Kidd & Co marshmallow plant which was rebuilt after the blasts and closed in 2001. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (14)

TOP: State official Jeff Hayden checks out structural damage on a Green Valley home May 26, 1988 as Randy Jackson, a FEMA inspector, looks on. BOTTOM: FEMA inspector Randy Jackson surveys a buckled garage door on a Green Valley home. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (15)

A view of where the former PEPCON site used to be before the 1998 explosion in Henderson in April 2018. (Las Vegas Review-Journal)

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ByTaylor Lane/Las Vegas Review-Journal

May 4, 2023 - 6:30 am

Updated May 4, 2023 - 7:32 pm

It’s been 35 years since the Pacific Engineering and Production Company of Nevada (PEPCON) plant in Henderson was destroyed in a series of explosions after ammonium perchlorate, an oxidizer used in rocket fuel, caught fire.

Here’s the disaster, by the numbers:

827 days after the Challenger disaster

The PEPCON facility was contracted by NASA to produce ammonium perchlorate for space shuttle launches, but after the Challenger explosion in 1986, which killed the craft’s entire seven-member crew, NASA haulted its missions while the disaster was under investigation.

But, production of AP didn’t stop at PEPCON.

Over the course of 15 months, PEPCON accumulated over 4,000 tons of the oxidizer. With no place to ship the AP, the oxidizer sat on site.

The AP was contained in a a series of bags, bins and drums. The most common form of storage were 550-pound capacity drums; at PEPCON, there were over 10,000 around the facility.

1,500 tons of ammonium perchlorate burned

Approximately 4,500 tons of ammonium perchlorate was being stored at the plant the day of the blast. During the blast and subsequent fire, 1,500 tons of AP were consumed — four times the amount of the oxidizer used for one space shuttle solid rocket booster.

The fire was caused by a welding torch that ignited a structure at the plant. The fire spread to several nearby 55-gallon drums of AP. About 20 minutes later, the first explosion occured at 11:52 a.m., followed by the second explosion four minutes later.

The fire after the explosions burned for five hours, according to a NASA report.

3.0 and 3.5 on the Richter scale

Observatories in California and Colorado reported the two major blasts at 3.0 and 3.5 on the Richter scale. Investigators said the blast had the same impacts as a 1-kiloton air-blast nuclear detonation, NASA reported.

2 deaths, 372 injuries

Two people died in the explosion out of the facility’s 77 employees. Bruce Halker, vice president of operations at the plant, died. Halker used a wheelchair and was unable to escape in time. His body was recovered 25 yards from the plant.

Roy Westerfield, another plant employee, also perished. His body was never recovered.

There were no fatalities at the nearby Kidd & Co. marshmallow plant.

Most of the 300 injuries from the blast were from flying glass, and were minor. The most seriously injured victim of the blast was 22-year-old Pat Rose, who pulled over to watch the fire sweep through the plant before one of the explosions erupted, causing rocks to strike Rose. One rock burrowed into Rose’s skull, causing him lifelong speech and mobility issues, according to Review-Journal reports from 1989.

$100 million in damage

The explosion caused $100 million in damages to buildings within a 10-mile radius of the plant. Henderson schools saw about $1 million in damages alone, with Basic High School seeing damage to its front entrance which sunk several feet after the explosion, according to a report from the U.S. Department of Energy.

About 22,000 homes within a 3-mile radius of the blast sustained structural damage of about $5,000 each, the Las Vegas Sun reported

The total damage to surrounding businesses and homes was put at $74 million.

The Kidd & Co. marshmallow plant located next to the PEPCON plant was destroyed. The plant was rebuilt on the same site in 1989.

Contact Taylor Lane at tlane@reviewjournal.com. Follow @tmflane on Twitter.

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PEPCON disaster: By the numbers (2024)

FAQs

How many people died at Pepcon? ›

Shortly before noon on May 4, 1988, a series of explosions rattled the plant and the surrounding area. The blasts killed two employees and injured more than 300 others. Company officials estimated about 4,500 tons of ammonium perchlorate were present at the plant at the time of the explosions.

How powerful was the Pepcon explosion? ›

An investigation estimated that the larger explosion was equivalent to 0.25 kiloton of TNT, approximately the same yield of a tactical nuclear weapon. In 1991, the Nevada legislature passed the Chemical Catastrophe Prevention Act, which led to Nevada's Chemical Accident Prevention Program.

Who owns Pepcon? ›

In 1982, PEPCON was acquired by American Pacific Corporation (AMPAC), and on May 4, 1988, PEPCON was destroyed by a large fire and several subsequent explosions that involved on-site storage containers filled with ammonium perchlorate, among other factors.

Where did Pepcon move to? ›

Within months of the destruction of the Henderson PEPCON facility, PEPCON changed its name to Western Electrochemical Co. and began moving the facility to a new site 14 miles outside Cedar City, Utah. An explosion at that new facility in 1997 killed one and injured three.

Who was killed in the PepCon explosion? ›

Two people - controller Roy Westerfeld and employee Bruce Haulker - were killed in the blasts. Multiple other people from PepCon and the adjacent Kidd marshmallow plant reported serious injuries, and hundreds of others in the surrounding area were hurt.

How many people died in the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant? ›

There were no injuries or adverse health effects from the Three Mile Island accident.

What was the largest explosion ever on earth? ›

Tsar Bomba, Soviet thermonuclear bomb that was detonated in a test over Novaya Zemlya island in the Arctic Ocean on October 30, 1961. The largest nuclear weapon ever set off, it produced the most powerful human-made explosion ever recorded.

What was bigger, Tianjin or Beirut? ›

More recently, the 2015 explosion in Tianjin (China) was only around half the yield of Beirut.

What was the most powerful accidental explosion? ›

Halifax Explosion

For nearly 1.2 miles (2 km) surrounding the blast center, there was total devastation, and roughly 2,000 people were killed and 9,000 injured. It remains the world's largest artificial accidental explosion.

How many people died in the Philadelphia refinery explosion? ›

2019 Philadelphia refinery explosion
The BLEVE seen from across the Schuylkill River, as rendered by the CSB
PES Refinery PES Refinery (Philadelphia)
TypeVapor cloud fire leading to three explosions, of which one boiling-liquid expanding-vapor explosion (BLEVE)
Deaths0
Non-fatal injuries5
4 more rows

How many people died in the sugar refinery explosion? ›

On 7 February 2008, fourteen people were killed and thirty-six injured during a dust explosion at a refinery owned by Imperial Sugar in Port Wentworth, Georgia, United States.

How many people died in the green ramp disaster? ›

Twenty-three men died and more than eighty were injured; one severely burned paratrooper died more than nine months later, on 3 January 1995. Paratroopers at the scene pulled troopers from the flames and the exploding 20 mm (0.8 in) ammunition from the F-16.

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The explosion at the West Fertilizer Company killed 15 people and injured hundreds. Twelve first responders died that day, including volunteer firefighter Cyrus Reed, who was one of the first on the scene. Ten years later, his sister Sarah relives every moment from that evening.

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